Sigmoidoscopy in Portugal

What are the different types of sigmoidoscopy?
The different types of sigmoidoscopy are:

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
  In flexible sigmoidoscopy, the sigmoidoscope is flexible and is approximately 2.3 feet long and 0.5 inches wide. It enables a thorough view of bends in the lower colon.
• Rigid Sigmoidoscopy
  Rigid sigmoidoscopy is rarely used. In this procedure the sigmoidoscope is 10 to 12 inches long and 1 inch wide. It enables the doctor to view the rectum and lower colon, however, it does not reach as far as the flexible sigmoidoscope.

How is a sigmoidoscopy performed?
This procedure is performed by a gastroenterologist or a surgeon. You will need to lie on your left side. Your knees need to be drawn up to your chest. First, a digital rectal exam is performed in which the doctor checks for blockage in the rectum and dilates the anus. Then, a sigmoidoscope is inserted into the rectum. To enable better view, air is passed into the colon through the sigmoidoscope. You may feel a need to have a bowel movement during this time. The sigmoidoscope passes up to the sigmoid colon. As the scope is slowly withdrawn the bowel lining is examined carefully. Forceps are passed through the hollow channel of the sigmoidoscope that enables biopsies to be taken.

How to prepare for a sigmoidoscopy?

• Your colon needs to be emptied by using enemas and/or laxatives before the sigmoidoscopy. The bowel needs to be empty of stool.
• You may also be required to be on a liquid diet since 1 or 2 days prior to the sigmoidoscopy.
• You will need to take enema 1 hour prior to the procedure to clear the intestine thoroughly.